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RAF History

The Royal Air Force is the oldest independent air force and has been defending the British skies for more than 100 years. In this hub, you'll find details about the history of the RAF, including the founding of the air force, key Second World War operations, and RAF squadrons and sections.

Guinea Pig Club

Standing shoulder to shoulder with The Guinea Pig Club

Since The Guinea Pig Club's founding in 1941, the RAF Benevolent Fund has stood shoulder to shoulder with the airmen who were so badly disfigured during the course of…

Guinea Pig Club

The town that didn't stare

Crucial to the recovery of many of Sir Archibald McIndoe's Guinea Pigs was the ability to walk freely into the local community without fear.

James Marshall

Scotland's last Guinea Pig pays tribute to the surgeon who gave him 'life'

20 July marks the 80th anniversary of the foundation of the Guinea Pig Club, a group of mainly Second World War allied airmen who suffered life-changing burns injuries…

Sir Archibald McIndoe

The pioneering plastic surgeon who restored the minds and bodies of Allied aircrew

Born in New Zealand in 1900, Sir Archibald McIndoe was destined to be a gifted and talented surgeon.

Doug Vince

"I remember my mother coming into the ward and asking which one is my son"

Doug Vince was 22 when his Stirling Bomber was shot down by a German aircraft. He suffered extensive burns when he freed himself from the wreckage and was subsequently…

Red Arrow

Red Arrows' David Simmonds on how the RAF Air Cadets inspired him to follow his dreams

As the RAF Air Cadets celebrate their 80th anniversary, Red Arrows pilot Flt Lt David Simmonds looks back on where it all began for him in the organisation.

The founding of the Royal Air Force

The RAF was founded on 1st April 1918, when the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) were merged in response to the events of the First World War. The newly created RAF was the most powerful air force in the world, with over 20,000 aircraft and 300,000 personnel. At the end of the First World War, the RAF was reduced in size and took on the task of policing the British Empire using air power. However, it then underwent rapid expansion prior to, and during, the Second World War.

Key Second World War operations

During the Second World War, the RAF was responsible for the aerial defence of Britain, as well as the strategic bombing of Germany. RAF squadrons also provided tactical support to the British Army around the world. The Battle of Britain was a defining operation for the RAF, who held off the Luftwaffe in one of the most complex ongoing air campaigns in history, during the summer of 1940.

Royal Air Force Squadrons and Sections

The RAF is made up of squadrons that can fly aircraft or be ground based, covering a diverse range of roles, such as combat, training, reconnaissance, and equipment testing. Sections include the RAF regiments, a specialist corps founded by Royal Warrant in 1942 with the aim to respond to a wide range of threats, whenever and wherever necessary.